FuelEU Maritime calculator: GHG intensity, balance and penalty
Enter the fuel a ship used and where, and see its well-to-wake GHG intensity, its compliance balance, the penalty, and what pooling the deficit would cost.
Updated 2026-10-20
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What FuelEU Maritime requires
Regulation (EU) 2023/1805 limits the greenhouse gas intensity of the energy used on board ships of more than 5,000 GT calling at EU and EEA ports, from 1 January 2025. It counts 100% of the energy used between EU/EEA ports and at berth, and 50% on voyages into or out of the EU/EEA, measured well-to-wake: the emissions from producing the fuel as well as from burning it.
The targets
| Period | Reduction from 91.16 | Target (gCO₂e/MJ) |
|---|---|---|
| 2025–2029 | 2% | 89.34 |
| 2030–2034 | 6% | 85.69 |
| 2035–2039 | 14.5% | 77.94 |
| 2040–2044 | 31% | 62.90 |
| 2045–2049 | 62% | 34.64 |
| 2050 | 80% | 18.23 |
A ship burning only heavy fuel oil has a default intensity of 91.74 gCO₂e/MJ, already above the 89.34 target for 2025 to 2029.
How the balance and the penalty are calculated
The balance is in grams of CO₂-equivalent; a negative balance is a deficit. The penalty is €2,400 per tonne of VLSFO-equivalent energy (41,000 MJ) that would have been needed to close the gap: about €638 per tonne of CO₂e for a ship on heavy fuel oil. It rises by 10% for each further consecutive year in deficit.
Default well-to-wake intensities (Annex II)
| Fuel | CF (t CO₂ per t fuel) | FuelEU well-to-wake default (gCO₂e/MJ) |
|---|---|---|
| Heavy fuel oil (RME to RMK) | 3.114 | 91.74 |
| Light fuel oil (RMA to RMD) | 3.151 | 91.39 |
| Diesel / gas oil (DMX to DMB) | 3.206 | 90.77 |
| LNG | 2.750 | 89.20 |
| Methanol | 1.375 | 103.15 |
Ways to close a deficit
- Pooling with ships in surplus (Article 21): often far cheaper than the penalty. How pooling works.
- Borrowing up to 2% of the requirement from the next year, at a 10% premium, not in two consecutive years.
- Fuel: certified biofuel blends, LNG with a low-slip engine, or renewable fuels of non-biological origin, which count double until 2033.
The FuelEU year
| By | What |
|---|---|
| 31 January | Company submits the FuelEU report to its verifier |
| 31 March | Verifier records the verified data |
| 30 April | Pools registered, surplus banked or deficit borrowed |
| 30 June | Penalty paid and FuelEU Document of Compliance held on board |
Questions
What is the FuelEU Maritime target for 2025?
89.34 gCO₂e/MJ, 2% below the 91.16 baseline, until 2029. It falls to 85.69 in 2030 and 77.94 in 2035.
How is the FuelEU penalty calculated?
The deficit is converted into the tonnes of VLSFO-equivalent energy (41,000 MJ per tonne) needed to close it, at €2,400 per tonne, and increased by 10% for each further consecutive year in deficit.
Which ships are covered?
Ships of more than 5,000 GT carrying cargo or passengers to, from and between EU/EEA ports, from 1 January 2025.
Is a ship on heavy fuel oil compliant?
No. Its default well-to-wake intensity is 91.74 gCO₂e/MJ, above the 89.34 target.
Can a deficit be pooled?
Yes. Under Article 21 a ship in deficit can join a pool with ships in surplus, as long as the pool's total balance is not negative.
EU ETS, FuelEU, CII and UK ETS for each ship, from the public register or your own data, with the reports for owners, charterers and lenders.